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Kumar, Arjun
- Basic Amenities in Rural India:Households’ Access Deprivation, Disparities and Determinants
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi 110049, IN
1 Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi 110049, IN
Source
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Vol 56, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 318-338Abstract
The need for access to basic amenities - drinking water, sanitation, electricity and drainage - to ensure a decent quality of life has been internationally recognised and acted upon in the form MDGs and various policies and programmes in India. Deprivation and disparities in access to basic amenities in rural areas have been highlighted in this paper using data from Census of India, 2001 and 2011, and National Sample Survey's Housing Conditions Rounds unit records data, 1993 and 2008/2009. Determinants of households having access to basic amenities in the house have been estimated using an econometric exercise on household level information, NSS unit record data 2008/09. Despite improvement many households in rural India still face severe access deprivations and hence low standards of living. Households belonging to the weaker sections of society have been most deprived of access to basic amenities, and the corresponding disparities in access among various socio-economic groups have increased over last decades. This paper suggests the need for immediate attention towards providing adequate basic amenities with inclusive and group-specific provisions (also socio-spatial situatedeness focus) in rural India so as to raise the overall quality of life.
- Effect of Alccofine and Foundry Slag on Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Arni University, Kathgarh, Kangra (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, NITTTR, Chandigarh, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Baddi University, Solan (H.P.), IN
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Arni University, Kathgarh, Kangra (H.P.), IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, NITTTR, Chandigarh, IN
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Baddi University, Solan (H.P.), IN
Source
International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol 6, No 8 (2017), Pagination: 406-409Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out for M-60 grade of concrete and evaluates the effect of Alccofine on compressive strength of concrete. High strength concrete is made by the partial replacement of sand with that of foundry slag and addition of Alccofine with cement. In this study, concrete of M60 grade is considered for a W/C ratio of 0.27 with the targeted slump of 170 mm for the replacement of 10%, 20%, 30% of aggregates (fine) with that of slag aggregate and adding of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% of Alccofine respectively. This concrete mixed is studied for compressive strength.Keywords
High Strength, Concrete, Compressive, Strength, Alccofine, Foundry, Slag.Full Text
- Experimental Studies for Assessing Spontaneous Combustion Risk of Some Indian Coals
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, IN
1 Department of Mining Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, IN
Source
Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, Vol 68, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 243-248Abstract
The self-heating or the spontaneous combustion of coal is processed by which the freshly exposed coal at ordinary atmospheric temperature when is exposed to oxygen undergo self-heating i.e. increase in its temperature and ultimately leading to auto ignition and mine fire. This spontaneous combustion leads to mine fires and are prime concern in the mining industry and let to huge coal loss and mine disaster. For safe coal mining, transportation, storage and uses, understanding the coal liability towards spontaneous combustion is important. Spontaneous heating liability depends upon the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic properties of the coal. In the present work, the spontaneous combustion susceptibility of a number of coal samples belonging to two different coalfields e.g.Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) and Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) of Coal India Limited, have been studied and its correlation with different intrinsic properties have been made. The objectives of this study is to assess the spontaneous heating liability of coal samples using differential thermal analysis and crossing point temperature and to establish a relationship between the spontaneous heating liability risk and intrinsic properties of coal samples. For this study, seven coal samples were collected from BCCL and CCL. Proximate analysis, bomb calorimetry, crossing point temperature (CPT) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), experiments were conducted to find the intrinsic properties of coals and assess their liability towards spontaneous heating. The paper summarizes the liability of different coal samples to spontaneous heating based on experiments conducted as well as broadly classifies the coal samples into poorly, moderately and highly susceptible to spontaneous heating risk. The transition temperature (Tc) indicated a very accurate measure of liability to spontaneous heating as they show high correlation coefficients with volatile matter, moisture and fixed carbon. These were 0.88% with moisture, 0.84% with volatile matter and 0.74 for fixed carbon contents. Lower the transition temperature of coal is higher will be the liability of coals to spontaneous heating. It was also observed that DTA study was found to give better correlation and hence, it may be used for assessment of spontaneous heating susceptibility of coal. It was observed that the coal samples containing high moisture are in general more liable to spontaneous heating. Spontaneous heating also shows a direct relationship with volatile matter hence higher the volatile matter in the coal samples is more will be the liability towards spontaneous heating. Ash percentage also has negative slope [-1.87] with transition temperature but the correlation coefficient is very low [0.15]. It has also lowest correlation coefficient (0.10) values with CPT. Gross calorific value is also directly dependent on the fixed carbon. Coal samples having higher fixed carbon are less liable for spontaneous heating. Ash has very low correlation coefficients with CPT and transition temperature and hence is not helpful in the assessment of liability towards spontaneous heating and it is of least importance.Keywords
Spontaneous Combustion, Indian Coal, Proximate Analysis, Transition Temperature, Crossing Point Temperature (CPT), Ifferential Thermal Analysis (DTA).References
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- Onifade, M.,and Genc, B. (2019): Spontaneous combustion liability of coal and coal-shale: a review of prediction methods. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 6(2), 151–168. doi:10.1007/s40789-019-0242-9
- Saffari, A., Sereshki, F., Ataei, M., and Ghanbari, K. (2017): Presenting an engineering classification system for coal spontaneous combustion potential. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology,4(2), 110-128. doi.org/10.1007/s40789-0170160-7
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- Kumar, A. (2020): Characterization of coal for assessment of spontaneous heating risk in coal mines, B.Tech. Thesis, Dept. of Mining Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, under the supervision of Dr. D. P. Tripathy.
- Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate) in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Abstract Views :96 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
Source
Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol 47, No 2 (2021), Pagination: 163-168Abstract
Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS was studied based on biological injury (lethality and pollen sterility) in M generation and frequency of chlorophyll mutation in M generation. The 1 2 results showed presence of radina, chlorina, xantha and albino type of chlorophyll chimeras in linseed and with the maximum frequency of chimeras at 60 kR (0.490 %) gamma rays and 0.6 per cent EMS (0.476 %). No dose dependent relationship was observed for both effectiveness and efficiency and varied according to cultivars of linseed. However, the gamma rays doses were found more effective and efficient then EMS.Keywords
Chemical Mutagen, Gamma Rays, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Linseed.Full Text
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